Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: Progress Towards Carbon Neutrality

Abstract

By transforming carbon dioxide (CO2), a key greenhouse gas, into chemicals and fuels with added value, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) promises a possible avenue towards reaching carbon neutrality. The purpose of this review is to investigate recent developments in the creation of effective catalysts, electrode materials, and reaction conditions that are responsible for driving the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). One of the primary areas of concentration is the utilization of metal-based, metal-organic, and molecular catalysts, all of which have shown considerable advances in terms of selectivity and conversion efficiency. In addition, the paper emphasizes the significance of reactor design, electrolyte optimization, and scaling methodologies, all of which are aimed at enhancing the practicability of CO2 electrochemical reduction on an industrial scale. Despite the significant progress that has been made, there are still questions that need to be answered, such as catalyst stability, energy efficiency, and economic feasibility. It is essential to address these concerns in order to make it possible to implement CO2RR on a wide scale as part of global efforts to reduce the effects of climate change and move towards energy systems that adhere to sustainable principles. The purpose of this review is to offer insights into potential future directions for research and technological innovation in the field of carbon management, namely in the area of carbon reduction.